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><channel><title>European Pharmaceutical Review &#187; Latest issue</title> <atom:link href="http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/category/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com</link> <description></description> <lastBuildDate>Wed, 08 Feb 2012 16:14:31 +0000</lastBuildDate> <language>en</language> <sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod> <sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency> <generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.3.1</generator> <item><title>PAT supplement (free to view)</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/pat-2011</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/pat-2011#comments</comments> <pubDate>Thu, 15 Dec 2011 09:31:56 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>admin</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Supplements]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Dr. Antonio Peinado]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Dr. Lorenz Liesum]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Dr. Marianna Machin]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Novartis Pharma AG]]></category> <category><![CDATA[PAI Partners]]></category> <category><![CDATA[PAT]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Ravindra Dhumal]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Terry McMahon]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Tim Gough]]></category> <category><![CDATA[University of Bradford]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/pat-2011</guid> <description><![CDATA[The historical development of the FDA's PAT initiative and its present course (Terry McMahon, PAI Partners)<br
/> Implementation of modelling approaches in the QbD framework: Examples from the Novartis experience (Dr. Marianna Machin, Dr. Lorenz Liesum and Dr. Antonio Peinado, Novartis Pharma AG)<br
/> Challenges in development and implementation of spectroscopic techniques as PAT Analysers (Ravindra Dhumal and Tim Gough, Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford)]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/pat-2011/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>Detection of microorganisms using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10450/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/detection-of-microorganisms-using-micro-electro-mechanical-systems-mems/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10450/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/detection-of-microorganisms-using-micro-electro-mechanical-systems-mems/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 14:25:38 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Biosensors]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Michael J. Miller]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Microarrays]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Microbiology]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Microbiology Consultants LLC]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Microorganisms]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Nanotechnology]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10450</guid> <description><![CDATA[This is the sixth and final article in our series on Rapid Microbiological Methods (RMMs) that have appeared in European Pharmaceutical Review during 2011. In our last article, we reviewed the world of nucleic acid amplification technologies, including PCR-DNA amplification, RNA-based reverse-transcriptase amplification, 16S rRNA typing and gene sequencing for the detection, identification, and in some cases, the enumeration of microorganisms. In our last article of the year, we will explore one of the most exciting areas in microbiological detection and miniaturisation: Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, or MEMS.Imagine, for a moment, a machine so small that the human eye cannot see it and thousands of these machines are manufactured on a single piece of silicon. Imagine a future where gravity and inertia are no longer important, but atomic forces and surface sciences dominate. This is the world of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), and the future is now.MEMS is the integration of mechanical, electrical, fluidic and optical elements, sensors and actuators on common silicon or other solid substrate through microfabrication technology. This is one of the fastest growing segments in the diagnostics and biomedical applications area, particularly for drug discovery and delivery, DNA testing and diagnostics, biotelemetry and genomics. And now, these same technologies are being introduced into the pharmaceutical sector for the rapid detection of contaminants. Examples of MEMS that have already been developed include Lab-On-A-Chip and microfluidics devices, microarrays, biosensors and other nanotechnology platforms. ]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10450/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/detection-of-microorganisms-using-micro-electro-mechanical-systems-mems/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>Drug discovery leaders roundtable</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10444/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/drug-discovery-leaders-roundtable/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10444/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/drug-discovery-leaders-roundtable/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 14:16:07 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Andrew A. Parsons]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Bayer HealthCare]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Centocor R&D]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Drug discovery]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Eckhard von Keutz]]></category> <category><![CDATA[GlaxoSmithKline]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Pfizer]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Steve Street]]></category> <category><![CDATA[William Strohl]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10444</guid> <description><![CDATA[External economic pressures have been identified as the major driver for the pharmaceutical outsourcing market. Over and above the fiscal advantages of adopting this strategy, what other benefits and indeed risks do you see associated with this approach?Steve Street: We definitely began our out - sourcing efforts based on economics and the fiscal benefits. Subsequently, we have realised that we gain benefits in terms of flexibility, diversity and opportunity. Flexibility in terms of where and when we scale up or down on investments, diversity in terms of access to outstanding and committed scientists across the world and opportunity in terms of more and different technologies, projects and markets.Andrew Parsons: It really depends on the definition of outsourcing. In my opinion, there are a number of different activities that could be captured within a broad definition of outsourcing. These include outsourcing: the transfer of internal activities to an external vendor, off-shoring: the transfer of activities to a different location which is typically a lower cost country, which could be either an internal or external resource, and open sourcing or risk sharing: two or more individual companies sharing investment into one or more activities and sharing the reward.Open Innovation (OI) is a paradigm originally presented by Henry Chesbrough in 2003. This concept allows development of both internal and external ideas using both internal and external development paths to the market place. The OI paradigm is a framework around building alliances with the mindset to develop win-win business models to identify and develop new products.]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10444/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/drug-discovery-leaders-roundtable/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>Discovery and validation of biomarkers for multiple sclerosis</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10441/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/discovery-and-validation-of-biomarkers-for-multiple-sclerosis/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10441/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/discovery-and-validation-of-biomarkers-for-multiple-sclerosis/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 13:54:33 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Biomarkers]]></category> <category><![CDATA[European ScreeningPort GmbH]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Mltiple Sclerosis (MS)]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Ole Pless]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Sheraz Gul]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10441</guid> <description><![CDATA[Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease leading to a chronic inflammation and degeneration of the central nervous system. It is one of the major neurological diseases with approximately 2.5 million suffering patients worldwide. Until now, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, but the cause of the disease can be modulated to limit progression and severity. Currently, there are no validated biomarkers available to predict the progression of MS or response to a clinical intervention apart from MRI. In order to identify protein biomarkers for MS as well as other diseases, significant infrastructure is required and this is discussed.The term ‘biomarker’ has been defined as a “characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention”1,2. The measurement of normal and dysfunctional biological processes and their changes in response to therapeutic intervention forms the basis of biomarkers. The advances in genetics and molecular biology leading to the sequencing of the human genome has resulted in the identification of a variety of novel targets implicated in different disease states3-5. Further technological developments including high throughput profiling of various samples using genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics6,7 has led to the identification of gene and protein based markers that characterise disease states for a number of indications including breast cancer8-10, colorectal cancer11 and cardiovascular diseases12. Additional initiatives that have led to the identification of biomarkers with minimal invasive methods such as proteomics technologies13 and systems biology14 have proven extremely effective for discovering potential biomarkers and drug targets. These technologies tend to provide large data sets that can be difficult to deconvolute for biomarker discovery. This bottleneck can be reduced by using several strategies. The first is to constrict the number of potential biomarkers and drug targets by dividing the proteome into smaller, more biologically significant segments. The second is to widen the bottleneck with higheroutput and higher-throughput screening technologies. The third is to incorporate more preliminary validation into the discovery process. New and emerging technologies provide promise for each of these strategies15. ]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10441/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/discovery-and-validation-of-biomarkers-for-multiple-sclerosis/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>Status and challenges in structure-based drug discovery for G protein-coupled receptors</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10435/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/status-and-challenges-in-structure-based-drug-discovery-for-g-protein-coupled-receptors/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10435/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/status-and-challenges-in-structure-based-drug-discovery-for-g-protein-coupled-receptors/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 12:07:45 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Drug discovery]]></category> <category><![CDATA[GPCRs]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Henr Xhaard]]></category> <category><![CDATA[University of Helsinki]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10435</guid> <description><![CDATA[The central location of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the interface between the interior and exterior of cells, as well as their key role in signalling events, make GPCRs a prominent class of pharmaceutical targets. To date, approximately 40 per cent of known drugs are thought to act on GPCRs either directly or indirectly. GPCRs are for the most part inaccessible to structural determination due to difficulties to express, purify and crystallise them; however, progress of structure determination has led to seven new structures in the last decade. This number is still insufficient to conduct structure-based drug discovery on all available targets. Computational modelling is therefore a very useful surrogate and in this paper I discuss the reliability of atomistic three-dimensional models that are obtained through molecular modelling in light of the GPCRdock 2008 and 2010 competitions organised by the Scripps Institute.G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key proteins involved in signalling and as such are prominent drug targets1. Ligands that bind to GPCRs include small aminergic neuro - transmitters or hormones such as noradrenaline and adrenaline, dopamine, histamine, small peptides, nucleic acids, lipids or even opsins that contain light-reactive retinal chromophores. Altogether, in the human genome project, about 390 non-olfactory GPCRs have been identified; of which about 100 are orphan proteins without an identified ligand or cellular function.]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10435/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/status-and-challenges-in-structure-based-drug-discovery-for-g-protein-coupled-receptors/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>Reverse phase protein microarrays for targeted analysis of cellular proteomes</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10429/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/reverse-phase-protein-microarrays-for-targeted-analysis-of-cellular-proteomes/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10429/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/reverse-phase-protein-microarrays-for-targeted-analysis-of-cellular-proteomes/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:54:44 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Antibody Microarrays]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Biomarkers]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Cellular Proteomes]]></category> <category><![CDATA[DKFZ Heidelberg]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Microarrays]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Oncology]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Reverse Phase Protein Microarray (RPPA)]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Ulrike Korf]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10429</guid> <description><![CDATA[In order to advance the identification of new drug targets and disease biomarkers, experimental tools for the systems-level analysis of signalling networks are required. Approaches for a targeted analysis of cellular proteomes have improved in recent years. Notably, the reverse phase protein microarray (RPPA) approach offers great advantages due to properties such as high sensitivity and high sample capacity. This review gives an overview of the principle of RPPA and summarises successful applications that illustrate the potential of RPPA for the analysis of clinical samples, systems biology and for drug discovery concepts. Numerous reports demonstrated the power of this approach to produce higher-order information than is currently possible with any other approach while requiring only minute amounts of sample.Up-to-date, acquired experience on the application of targeted therapeutics revealed that patients benefit from drugs targeting molecules that are overexpressed by tumours. However, the percentage of patients truly benefiting from the targeted treatment depends largely on the type of tumour. In detail, clinical data obtained from the treatment of solid tumours suggests that our current knowledge is not sufficient to decide beforehand which patients will benefit from a certain treatment and which patients do not. This suggests that overexpression of a particular oncogenic protein by a tumour, such as EGFR, HER2, or oestrogen receptor, does not provide dependable information for treatment decisions. Considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the wiring of those pathways that convey information from cell surface receptors and neighbouring cells as well as the nutritional state and related physiological events. An obvious challenge for proteome research is to convert this knowledge into clinically and pharmaceutically relevant information. However, most drugs target proteins and therefore the realisation of personalised treatment concepts requires a systematic large-scale analysis of individual tumours to identify patterns of deregulation characteristic for subgroups of a certain type of cancer. The identification of reliable disease markers could then be translated into new treatment concepts which have been held back due to technological constraints. ]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10429/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/reverse-phase-protein-microarrays-for-targeted-analysis-of-cellular-proteomes/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>Implementing electronic laboratory notebooks to improve the efficiency of pre-clinical drug discovery</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10426/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/implementing-electronic-lboratory-notebooks-to-improve-the-efficiency-of-pre-clinical-drug-discovery/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10426/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/implementing-electronic-lboratory-notebooks-to-improve-the-efficiency-of-pre-clinical-drug-discovery/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:39:21 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Drug discovery]]></category> <category><![CDATA[eLNBs]]></category> <category><![CDATA[ELNs]]></category> <category><![CDATA[European ScreeningPort GmbH]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Sheraz Gul]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10426</guid> <description><![CDATA[The pre-clinical phase of drug discovery spans a period in the region of five years and requires contributions from multi-disciplinary teams often working at different sites. These teams can generate significant amounts of data which are processed using standard as well as specialist software. The recording of a substantial amount of project related experimental work has historically been performed using paper-based laboratory notebooks completed manually with all files usually being stored locally.This scenario poses a variety of issues such as delayed access to important information to the project team members which could ultimately reduce its efficiency and thus increase the time taken to complete the project. These paper-based notebooks are now being replaced by an electronic laboratory notebook (eLNB) within research laboratories in industry and academia. Such software allows the documentation of experimental data and its sharing within the multi-disciplinary research team and would be expected to improve data integrity, reduce the time to complete the project and improve communication. This article discusses some of the advantages that would be expected to be achieved upon implementing an eLNB in pre-clinical drug discovery. ]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10426/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/implementing-electronic-lboratory-notebooks-to-improve-the-efficiency-of-pre-clinical-drug-discovery/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>microRNA manipulation as a host-targeted antiviral therapeutic strategy</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10416/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/microrna-manipulation-as-a-host-targeted-antiviral-therapeutic-strategy/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10416/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/microrna-manipulation-as-a-host-targeted-antiviral-therapeutic-strategy/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:30:42 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Amy Buck]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Infection]]></category> <category><![CDATA[King Abdulaziz University]]></category> <category><![CDATA[microRNA]]></category> <category><![CDATA[miRNA]]></category> <category><![CDATA[mRNA]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Nouf N. Laqtom]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Proteins]]></category> <category><![CDATA[RNAi]]></category> <category><![CDATA[University of Edinburgh]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Viruses]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10416</guid> <description><![CDATA[microRNAs (miRNA) are a class of non-coding RNA that regulate the precise amounts of proteins expressed in a cell at a given time. These molecules were discovered in worms in 1993 and only known to exist in humans in the last decade. Despite the youth of the miRNA field, miRNA misexpression is known to occur in a range of human disease conditions and drugs based on modulating miRNA expression are now in development for treatment of cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory diseases. In the last six years, an increasing number of reports have also illuminated diverse roles of cellular miRNAs in viral infection and a miRNA-targeting therapy is currently in phase II clinical trials for treatment of the Hepatitis C virus. Here we review the literature related to miRNAs that regulate viral replication and highlight the factors that will influence the use of miRNA manipulation as a broader antiviral therapeutic strategy.microRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small noncoding RNA that bind to messenger RNAs (mRNA) and regulate the amount of specific proteins that get expressed. These small RNAs are derived from longer primary transcripts that fold back on themselves to produce stem-loop structures which are recognised and processed by Drosha and co-factors in the nucleus followed by Dicer and co-factors in the cytoplasm, resulting in a ~ 22 nucleotide (nt) duplex RNA, for review see1,2. One strand of the duplex is preferentially incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) where it then mediates binding to target mRNAs. These interactions lead to decreased protein getting produced from the transcript, due to RNA destabilisation and/or inhibited translation3 (Figure 1). miRNA-mRNA recognition generally requires perfect complementarity with only the first 6-8 nt of a miRNA, termed the ‘seed’ site4. Each miRNA therefore has the potential to interact with hundreds of target mRNAs3,4 and the majority of human protein-coding genes contain miRNA binding sites under selective pressure5. Therapeutic interest in miRNAs has been supported by studies in model organisms demonstrating key functions of individual miRNAs in cancer, cardiac disease, metabolic disease, neuronal and immune cell function6. ]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10416/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/microrna-manipulation-as-a-host-targeted-antiviral-therapeutic-strategy/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>Expression profiling of circulating miRNAs as a novel non-invasive diagnostic tool</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10414/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/expression-profiling-of-circulating-mirnas-as-a-novel-non-invasive-diagnostic-tool/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10414/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/expression-profiling-of-circulating-mirnas-as-a-novel-non-invasive-diagnostic-tool/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:15:53 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Biomarkers]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Dr. Mirco Castoldi]]></category> <category><![CDATA[microRNA]]></category> <category><![CDATA[miRNA]]></category> <category><![CDATA[PCR]]></category> <category><![CDATA[qPCR]]></category> <category><![CDATA[University of Heidelberg]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10414</guid> <description><![CDATA[Cell-free nucleic acids circulating in human blood were first described in 19481. However, it was not until the work of Sorengon and colleagues was published in 19942 that the importance of circulating nucleic acid (cfNA) was recognised. Today, the detection of diverse type of cfNA3 in blood and other body fluids is a valuable resource for the identification of a novel biomarker4,5. Although different types of cfNA have been described (including DNA, mRNA and microRNA), this review focuses on the isolation, detection and clinical utility of circulating microRNAs.microRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of short single stranded non-coding RNAs (~22 nts) that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Interaction between an miRNA and any given of its mRNA targets results in either translation inhibition, mRNA degradation or a combination of both mechanisms. Therefore, miRNAs activity effectively reduces the transcriptional output of a target gene, without affecting its transcription rate. Currently, the sequence of over 60,000 microRNAs are deposited in the miRBase database [Version 17, April 20116]. miRNA activity has been associated with the control of a wide range of basic processes such as development, differentiation and metabolism. Detection of differential expression of miRNAs in many cases have established the basis for miRNA functional analysis and specific miRNA expression patterns can provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic indications, for example, in the context of human malignancies7,8. Moreover, the deregulation of the expression of miRNAs has been shown to contribute to cancer development through various kinds of mechanisms, including deletions, amplification or mutations involving miRNA loci, epigenetic silencing, as well as the dysregulation of transcription factors that target specific miRNAs9,10. ]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10414/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/expression-profiling-of-circulating-mirnas-as-a-novel-non-invasive-diagnostic-tool/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item><title>DNA sequencing technologies and emerging applications in drug discovery</title><link>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10409/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/dna-sequencing-technologies-and-emerging-applications-in-drug-discovery/</link> <comments>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10409/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/dna-sequencing-technologies-and-emerging-applications-in-drug-discovery/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 11:03:42 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>swills@russellpublishing.com</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Latest issue]]></category> <category><![CDATA[DNA]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Drug discovery]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Next Generation Sequencing]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Proteins]]></category> <category><![CDATA[RNA]]></category> <category><![CDATA[RNA-Seq]]></category><guid
isPermaLink="false">http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/?p=10409</guid> <description><![CDATA[In recent years, the development of Next Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS) technology has significantly impacted molecular biology research, resulting in many new insights and discoveries. NGS technology goes beyond traditional DNA sequencing with applications that reach across the central dogma of molecular biology from DNA to RNA and protein science. Drug discovery is beginning to benefit from the diversity of NGS, with applications in evidence across various therapeutic areas, such as oncology, immunology and infectious diseases.DNA is the molecule of life, containing the information for the synthesis of RNA molecules and proteins, which in turn form structural components of the cell or catalyse essential biochemical processes. Understanding the sequence of DNA, which is made from the four basic building blocks or ‘nucleotides’, A,G,C and T, has resulted in great insights and discoveries in cellular biology, pathology and disease, culminating in the human genome project, which achieved the remarkable feat of determining the sequence of the three billion bases of the human genome.The field of DNA sequencing has witnessed some key milestones in technology develop - ment since the description of the first revolutionary DNA sequencing techniques in 19771,2. The Sanger dideoxy sequencing method, discovered by the Nobel Laureate Fred Sanger, underwent the most significant improvements and became the first automated sequencing platform in the late 20th century. Advancements in the Sanger process were partly motivated by the advent of the USD 3 billion Human Genome Project, which required the development of high-throughput tech - niques3,4 (Figure 1A). ]]></description> <wfw:commentRss>http://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/10409/european-pharmaceutical-review-magazine/latest-issue/dna-sequencing-technologies-and-emerging-applications-in-drug-discovery/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> </channel> </rss>
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