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The importance of being small: miniaturisation of freeze drying equipment
Developmental activities for freeze-dried products are dictated by the limited…
Developmental activities for freeze-dried products are dictated by the limited availability and high cost of newly developed active compounds, and by Quality-by-Design requirements. Laboratory-scale freeze dryers used for formulation and process development show an excessive variety of designs and instrumentation concepts, making scale-up activities a challenge. The development of miniaturised…
