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23 May 2007 | By John J. Rossi, Division of Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, United States
RNA interference (RNAi) is a regulatory mechanism of most eukaryotic cells that uses small double stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules as triggers to direct homology-dependent control of gene activity (Almeida and Allshire 2005).
23 May 2007 | By Professor Stephen R Pennington, Proteome Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin
Until recently the use of proteomics in the biomedical arena has included programmes aimed at the elucidation of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli by known and potential drugs. It has been anticipated that these will lead to the elucidation of the basic mechanisms of cellular responses, potential identification of new…
27 March 2007 | By Claudio Carini, MD,PhD,FRCPath, F. VP of Translational Medicine, MDS Pharma
Biomarkers are useful characteristics to evaluate disease progress and targets of therapeutic agents. They are objectively measured and obtained by non-invasive procedures collecting readily accessible matrixes (Blood, CSF). Biomarkers should be easy to detect, specific and reproducible. Most importantly when detected early in the course of a disease they should…
28 November 2006 | By Irina Antonijevic, Douglas Craig and Christophe Gerald, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc.
Only a few innovations have been made in recent decades with regard to psychiatric, and particularly antidepressant, drugs (Insel et al., 2006) (Figure 1). This conundrum reflects, at least partly, the lack of understanding of the disease biology. This poses a challenge not only to inventive drug development, but also…
22 August 2005 | By Dr Graham R Betton, Senior Principal Scientist, Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals
This article reviews the types of biomarkers currently available and approaches to discovering new biomarkers.
20 May 2005 | By William Carley, Ph.D., Experimental Medicine, Pfizer Global R&D
Biomarker application during drug development is driven by the need to define disease and therapeutic efficacy/safety earlier, better and with reduced cost.
7 March 2005 | By Thorir D. Bjornsson, MD, PhD, Translational Development, Wyeth Research
The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in biomarkers, previously referred to as pharmacodynamic markers, PD markers, or pharmacologic read-outs. This increasing interest has been largely driven by evolutionary changes in drug discovery and development and in regulatory science1,2,3. One key driver has involved the increasing need to reach…
7 March 2005 | By Professor Richard Dalby and Yang Guo, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Julie Suman, Next Breath LLC
In 2003 worldwide sales of allergic rhinitis nasal sprays alone were valued at US$2.4B (IMS, Valois), up from 2002 worldwide sales of all over-the-counter (OTC) nasal sprays except steroids, estimated at US$820M (IMS, Valois). That’s a significant amount of drug administered via the nose every year (Figure 1). With a…
